生计多样化背景下种植业非点源污染负荷演变（英文）

编号 zgly0001583903

文献类型 期刊论文

文献题名 生计多样化背景下种植业非点源污染负荷演变（英文）

作者 邵景安  黄志霖  邓华 

作者单位 CollegeofGeographyandTourism  ChongqingNormalUniversity  KeyLaboratoryofSurfaceProcessandEnvironmentRemoteSensingintheThreeGorgesReservoirArea  InstituteofForestEcologicalEnvironmentandProtection  CAF  ChongqingYouthVocational& 

母体文献 Journal of Geographical Sciences 

年卷期 2018年04期

年份 2018 

分类号 X52  X71 

关键词 livelihood  cropfarming  nonpointsourcepollution  evolution  ThreeGorgesReservoirArea 

文摘内容 Based on objective data collected from interviews in typical villages of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the present study devised three livelihood scenarios related to rural transformation development: agriculturally dominant livelihood, multiple-type livelihood and non-agriculturally dominant livelihood. Moreover, the present study reports the trend characteristics of nonpoint source pollution load of crop farming in relation to the transformation of dominant livelihood types, and discussed the primary factors which affect livelihood type transformations. Results indicated the following:(1) The current farmland pattern shows a trend of diversification as self-cultivation, cropland transfer and fallow in the sample region. Dynamic characteristics of cultivated land present a special feature that is more transfer-into than transfer-out. Various scales of planting are represented among the various households, according to the following decreasing order: half-labor household > non-labor household > adequate labor household.(2) The highest pollution loading produced by crop farming occurs in half-labor households while the lowest occurs in non-labor households. With increasing labor, the pollution load per unit area tends to first increase and then decrease within families with enough labor.(3) As the type of livelihood transitions from agriculturally dominant to non-agriculturally dominant, the maximum reduction of total pollution loading produced by the agricultural industry can reach 72.01%. Compared to agriculturally dominant livelihoods, multiple-type livelihoods produce a pollution load reduction yield of 19.61%–29.85%, and non-agriculturally dominant livelihoods reduce the pollution load yield by 35.20%–72.01%. However, the rate of reduction of total nitrogen is not the same as total phosphorus.(4) The non-agricultural characteristics of labor allocation and income promote the transformation from dominant livelihood types to non-agricultural livelihoods, while potential revenue conversion follows a similar trend. In addition, different household types do not display identical conversion rates, according to the following decreasing order: enough labor household > half-labor household > non-labor household.(5) During rapid urbanization and the building of new industrial systems, the livelihood types of rural households have been further transformed to off-farm household types in the mountainous region; this process will lead to the further reduction of pollution load generated by planting and agriculture. Hence, significant decreases in the planting pollution load necessitate the development of control measures to enhance transformations from agricultural to off-farm livelihoods.