Catastrophic Hydraulic Failure and Tipping Points in Plants

编号 040034801

推送时间 20220620

研究领域 森林培育 

年份 2022 

类型 期刊 

语种 英语

标题 Catastrophic Hydraulic Failure and Tipping Points in Plants

来源期刊 Plant,Cell & Environment

期 第348期

发表时间 20220408

关键词 bifurcation;  cavitation;  cusp;  embolism;  fold;  r-shaped curves;  s-shaped curves;  soil;  transpiration;  water potential;  xylem; 

摘要 Water inside plants forms a continuous chain from water in soils to the water evaporating from leaf surfaces. Failures in this chain result in reduced transpiration and photosynthesis and are caused by soil drying and/or cavitation-induced xylem embolism. Xylem embolism and plant hydraulic failure share several analogies to “catastrophe theory” in dynamical systems. These catastrophes are often represented in the physiological and ecological literature as tipping points when control variables exogenous (e.g., soil water potential) or endogenous (e.g., leaf water potential) to the plant are allowed to vary on time scales much longer than time scales associated with cavitation events. Here, plant hydraulics viewed from the perspective of catastrophes at multiple spatial scales is considered with attention to bubble expansion within a xylem conduit, organ-scale vulnerability to embolism, and whole-plant biomass as a proxy for transpiration and hydraulic function. The hydraulic safety-efficiency tradeoff, hydraulic segmentation and maximum plant transpiration are examined using this framework. Underlying mechanisms for hydraulic failure at fine scales such as pit membranes and cell-wall mechanics, intermediate scales such as xylem network properties and at larger scales such as soil-tree hydraulic pathways are discussed. Understudied areas in plant hydraulics are also flagged where progress is urgently needed.

服务人员 孙小满

服务院士 尹伟伦

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