Nonhomologous end joining as key to CRISPR/Cas-mediated plant chromosome engineering

编号 040034101

推送时间 20220502

研究领域 森林培育 

年份 2022 

类型 期刊 

语种 英语

标题 Nonhomologous end joining as key to CRISPR/Cas-mediated plant chromosome engineering

来源期刊 Plant Physiology

期 第341期

发表时间 20211206

关键词 CRISPR;  Cas;  plant chromosome；plant breeding；Arabidopsis thaliana；Genome editing;  NHEJ; 

摘要 Although clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)-mediated gene editing has revolutionized biology and plant breeding, large-scale, heritable restructuring of plant chromosomes is still in its infancy. Duplications and inversions within a chromosome, and also translocations between chromosomes, can now be achieved. Subsequently, genetic linkages can be broken or can be newly created. Also, the order of genes on a chromosome can be changed. While natural chromosomal recombination occurs by homologous recombination during meiosis, CRISPR/Cas-mediated chromosomal rearrangements can be obtained best by harnessing nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways in somatic cells. NHEJ can be subdivided into the classical (cNHEJ) and alternative NHEJ (aNHEJ) pathways, which partially operate antagonistically. The cNHEJ pathway not only protects broken DNA ends from degradation but also suppresses the joining of previously unlinked broken ends. Hence, in the absence of cNHEJ, more inversions or translocations can be obtained which can be ascribed to the unrestricted use of the aNHEJ pathway for double-strand break (DSB) repair. In contrast to inversions or translocations, short tandem duplications can be produced by paired single-strand breaks via a Cas9 nickase. Interestingly, the cNHEJ pathway is essential for these kinds of duplications, whereas aNHEJ is required for patch insertions that can also be formed during DSB repair. As chromosome engineering has not only been accomplished in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) but also in the crop maize (Zea mays), we expect that this technology will soon transform the breeding process.

服务人员 孙小满

服务院士 尹伟伦

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