Hydrological simulation of a small forested catchment under different land use and forest management

编号 010024702

推送时间 20200713

研究领域 森林生态 

年份 2020 

类型 期刊 

语种 英语

标题 Hydrological simulation of a small forested catchment under different land use and forest management

来源期刊 Biogeosciences and Forestry

期 第247期

发表时间 20200710

关键词 Hydrological Modeling;  Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT);  Atlantic Rainforest;  Eucalyptus; 

摘要 The alteration of landscapes by humans has led to a gradual increase in the scarcity of water and degradation of its quality ([24]). Over the last decades, there has been a growing consensus that the interaction between water and land use should be approached effectively in the pursuit of water sustainability, integrating territorial planning with the watershed scale management ([36]).
The maintenance of water resources is intimately related to the proper use of the soil and the land cover from a natural mechanism of dynamic equilibrium. There is a delicate interrelation between land use, soil, and water. When some interference occurs in that dynamic, the effects affect the system as a whole. The alteration of land use modifies the environmental equilibrium affecting the hydrological processes in watersheds ([30], [16]).
The influence of land use on quantitative and qualitative aspects of water is difficult to quantify, especially in the long term and on a large scale, such as in a regional watershed, where complex interactions occur ([15]). In that sense, the characterization of the hydrological behavior of the watersheds due to land-use changes, in many cases, becomes unfeasible due to the complexity of the hydrological cycle processes.
When speaking about water quantity and quality, we often associate forests with water yield. Brazil is a forested country, with 494 million hectares (58% of its territory) of natural and planted forests, which represents one of the largest areas of forests on the planet ([20]). Within the Brazilian forest sector, 98.5% are natural forests, while 1.5% are forest plantations. The planted forests are gaining more and more space in Brazil, and the concern about the development of forestry is related to the consequences of possible impacts from forestry activity on water availability and quality. These impacts are caused mainly by the export of nutrients and sediments by surface runoff and water consumption by the trees ([13]).
Hydrological modeling is an essential tool that allows understanding water dynamics at catchments and foresees impacts of land-use changes over catchment hydrology ([10]). The results of modeling experiments would help to establish environmental impact assessment procedures and adopt techniques that allow ensuring an increase in forest productivity, and an optimization of water use as well ([14]). Among the hydrological models, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been applied worldwide, with satisfactory results in many catchments in Brazil ([18], [10], [28]). However, SWAT performance to simulate the hydrology of small forested catchments still needs to be assessed.
This paper has as the following objectives: (i) to assess the applicability of SWAT for the estimation of streamflow in a small tropical catchment (drainage area of 2.84 km2) where the primary land use is the cultivation of eucalyptus; (ii) to evaluate the impacts of different land use and forest management systems over the catchment streamflow.

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