家庭花园对城市生物多样性的贡献与展望

编号 lyqk011099

中文标题 家庭花园对城市生物多样性的贡献与展望

作者 江雨  高亦珂 

作者单位 北京林业大学园林学院 北京 100083

期刊名称 中国城市林业 

年份 2023 

卷号 21

期号 4

栏目名称 专题1:城乡绿色生态空间与低碳可持续设计 

中文摘要 家庭花园作为城市绿色空间的组成部分,其生态价值没有被充分重视和利用。基于世界各地家庭花园生物多样性的调查研究,从栖息地多样性、植物多样性、动物多样性3个层面论述它们支持生物多样性的水平:家庭花园具有复杂多样的栖息地种类;欧美地区家庭花园植物种类多于亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲,以观赏植物为主;家庭花园植物多样性主要与自然地理和社会经济因素相关,社会经济影响更大;动物多样性主要取决于植物多样性和植被结构复杂性。在梳理各国研究与实践的基础上总结出保护和提升家庭花园生物多样性的3种主要措施:促进居民进行生态园艺建设,加强政府和非政府组织的推动作用,将家庭花园纳入绿色空间规划。最后基于我国家庭花园发展现状提出展望:应加强调查研究工作、通过宣传等活动促进公民参与、完善相关规划体系、加强多方合作,以促进家庭花园在城市可持续发展中充分发挥作用。

关键词 家庭花园  城市生物多样性  绿色空间 

英文标题 Contribution and Prospect of Home Gardens to Urban Biodiversity

作者英文名 Jiang Yu, Gao Yike

单位英文名 College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

英文摘要 As a component of urban green space, the ecological value of home gardens has not been fully valued and utilized. Based on the research on the biodiversity of home gardens across the world, we discuss how home gardens contribute to the level of biodiversity from the 3 levels of habitat diversity, plant diversity and animal diversity. Home gardens have complex and diverse types of habitats. Home gardens in Europe and America have more plant species than those in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, which are dominated by ornamental plants. Plant diversity in home gardens is mainly related to physical geographic and socio-economic factors, while socio-economic factors have more influence. Animal diversity depends mainly on plant diversity and vegetation structural complexity. After summarizing the research and the practices in various countries, we conclude that there are three main measures to protect and enhance the biodiversity of home gardens, i.e., engaging residents in eco-horticulture activities, strengthening the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations, and incorporating home gardens into green space planning. At the end, in view of the current situation of home garden development in China, it is proposed that more efforts should be taken to strengthen the investigation and research, encourage the participation of citizens through publicity, improve the planning system, and uphold the multi-stakeholder cooperation, so as to promote home gardens to give full play to their roles in the sustainable urban development.

英文关键词 home garden;urban biodiversity;green space

起始页码 66

截止页码 72

投稿时间 2023/1/10

作者简介 江雨(1999-),女,硕士生,研究方向为园林植物应用与生态。E-mail:junyu0227@163.com

通讯作者介绍 高亦珂(1966-),女,博士,教授,研究方向为园林植物应用与生态。E-mail:gaoyk@bjfu.edu.cn

E-mail gaoyk@bjfu.edu.cn

DOI 10.12169/zgcsly.2023.01.10.0001

参考文献 [1] 李兆中,武小钢,赵璐.基于文献计量学的我国城市绿地生物多样性研究[J].中国城市林业,2019,17(2):82-86.
[2] LORAM A,TRATALOS J,WERREN P H,et al.Urban domestic gardens (X):the extent & structure of the resource in five major cities[J].Landscape Ecology,2007,22(4):601-615.
[3] DEWAELHEYNS V,ROGGE E,GULINCK H.Putting domestic gardens on the agenda using empirical spatial data:the case of Flanders[J].Applied Geography,2014,50:132-143.
[4] GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA A,SAL A G.Private urban greenspaces or patios as a key element in the urban ecology of tropical central America[J].Human Ecology,2008,36(2):291-300.
[5] MATTSSON E,OSTWALD M,NISSANKA S P.What is good about Sri Lankanhomegardens with regards to food security?A synthesis of the current scientific knowledge of a multifunctional land-use system[J].Agroforestry Systems,2018,92(6):1469-1484.
[6] OWEN J.The ecology of a garden:the first fifteen years[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991.
[7] 王乐.浅谈小庭院的植物景观设计[J].现代园艺,2019,42(17):135-136.
[8] 黄玥,陈玉,何宇娟,等.社会经济因素对上海市居住区植物多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2019,30(10):3403-3410.
[9] 韩丹,王成,张昶,等.川西林盘庭院林树种组成特征研究[J].西北林学院学报,2020,35(6):296-303.
[10] BENINDE J,VEITH M,HOCHKIRCH A.Biodiversity in cities needs space:a meta-analysis of factors determining intra-urban biodiversity variation[J].Ecology letters,2015,18(6):581-592.
[11] HESSAYON D G,HESSAYON J P.The garden books of Europe[M].London:Elm Tree Books,1973.
[12] LORAM A,WARREN P H,GASTON K J.Urban domestic gardens (XIV):the characteristics of gardens in five cities[J].Environmental Management,2008,42(3):361-376.
[13] DAVIES Z G,FULLER R A,LORAM A,et al.A national scale inventory of resource provision for biodiversity within domestic gardens[J].Biological Conservation,2009,142(4):761-771.
[14] YOUNG C,FREY D,MORETTI M,et al.Research note:garden-owner reported habitat heterogeneity predicts plant species richness in urban gardens[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2019,185:222-227.
[15] BAKER F,SMITH C L,CAVAN G.A combined approach to classifying land surface cover of urban domestic gardens using citizen science data and high resolution image analysis[J].Remote Sensing,2018,10(4):537.
[16] HAASE D,JÄNICKE C,WELLMANN T.Front and back yard green analysis with subpixel vegetation fractions from earth observation data in a city[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2019,182:44-54.
[17] JAGANMOHAN M,VAILSHERY L S,Gopal D,et al.Plant diversity and distribution in urban domestic gardens and apartments in Bangalore,India[J].Urban Ecosystems,2012,15(4):911-925.
[18] CLARKE L W,LI L T,JENERETTE G D,et al.Drivers of plant biodiversity and ecosystem service production in home gardens across the Beijing Municipality of China[J].Urban Ecosystems,2014,17(3):741-760.
[19] GANGOPADHYAY K,BALOONI K.Technological infusion and the change in private,urban green spaces[J].Urban Forestry and Urban Greening,2012,11(2):205-210.
[20] ROY B,RAHMAN H,FARDUSI J.Status,diversity,and traditional uses of homestead gardens in Northern Bangladesh:a means of sustainable biodiversity conservation[J].International Scholarly Research Notices,2013,2013:124103.
[21] AKINNIFESI F K,SILESHI G W,AJAYI O C,et al.Biodiversity of the urban homegardens of São Luís city,Northeastern Brazil[J].Urban Ecosystems,2010,13(1):129-146.
[22] POOT-POOL W S,VAN DER WAL H,FLORES-GUIDO S,et al.Home garden agrobiodiversity differentiates along a Rural-Peri-Urban gradient in Campeche,México[J].Economic Botany,2015,69(3):203-217.
[23] GONZÁLEZ-BALL R,BERMÚDEZ-ROJAS T,ROMERO-VARGAS M.Floristic composition and richness of urban domestic gardens in three urban socioeconomic stratifications in the city Heredia,Costa Rica[J].Urban Ecosystems,2017,20(1):51-63.
[24] THOMPSON J L,GEBAUER J,HAMMER K,et al.The structure of urban and peri-urban gardens in Khartoum,Sudan[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2010,57(4):487-500.
[25] BERNHOLT H,KEHLENBECK K,GEBAUER J,et al.Plant species richness and diversity in urban and peri-urban gardens of Niamey,Niger[J].Agroforestry Systems,2009,77(3):159-179.
[26] REGASSA R.Useful plant species diversity in homegardens and its contribution to household food security in Hawassa city,Ethiopia[J].African Journal of Plant Science,2016,10(10):211-233.
[27] LUBBE C S,SIEBERT S J,CILLIERS S S.Floristic analysis of domestic gardens in the Tlokwe City Municipality,South Africa[J].Bothalia,2011,41(2):351-361.
[28] THOMPSON K,AUSTIN K C,SMITH R M,et al.Urban domestic gardens (I):putting small-scale plant diversity in context[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2003,14:71-78.
[29] SMITH R M,THOMPSON K,HODGSON J G,et al.Urban domestic gardens (IX):composition and richness of the vascular plant flora,and implications for native biodiversity[J].Biological Conservation,2006,129(3):312-322.
[30] CUBINO J P,VILA SUBIRÓS J V,Lozano C B. Floristic and structural differentiation between gardens of primary and secondary residences in the Costa Brava (Catalonia,Spain)[J].Urban Ecosystems,2016,19(1):505-521.
[31] FREY D,MORETTI M.A comprehensive dataset on cultivated and spontaneously growing vascular plants in urban gardens[J].Data in Brief,2019,25:103982.
[32] PEARSE W D,CAVENDER-BARES J,HOBBIE S E,et al.Homogenization of plant diversity,composition,and structure in North American urban yards[J].Ecosphere,2018,9(2):e02105.
[33] AVOLIO M,PATAKI D E,JENERETTE G D,et al.Urban plant diversity in Los Angeles,California:species and functional type turnover in cultivated landscapes[J].Plants,People,Planet,2020,2(2):144-156.
[34] AVOLIO M,BLANCHETTE A,SONTI N F,et al.Time is not money:income is more important than lifestage for explaining patterns of residential yard plant community structure and diversity in Baltimore[J].Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,2020,8:85.
[35] MARCO A,DUTOIT T,DESCHAMPS-COTTIN M,et al.Gardens in urbanizing rural areas reveal an unexpected floral diversity related to housing density[J].Comptes Rendus Biologies,2008,331(6):452-465.
[36] SPERLING C D,LORTIE C J.The importance of urban backgardens on plant and invertebrate recruitment:a field microcosm experiment[J].Urban Ecosystems,2010,13(2):223-235.
[37] DIDHAM R K,BASSET Y,COLLINS C M,et al.Interpreting insect declines:seven challenges and a way forward[J].Insect Conservation and Diversity,2020,13(2):103-114.
[38] SMITH R M,GASTON K J,WARREN P H,et al.Urban domestic gardens (VIII):environmental correlates of invertebrate abundance[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2006,15(8):2515-2545
[39] SALISBURY A,AL-BEIDH S,ARMITAGE J,et al.Enhancing gardens as habitats for plant-associated invertebrates:should we plant native or exotic species?[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2017,26(11):2657-2673.
[40] PRENDERGAST K S.Natural history note:Urban domestic gardens support nesting populations of the native bee Leioproctus (Leioproctus) plumosus[J].Austral Ecology,2022,47(1):131-136.
[41] FUKASE J,SIMONS A M.Increased pollinator activity in urban gardens with more native flora[J].Applied Ecology and Environmental Research,2016,14(1):297-310.
[42] DANIELS G D,KIRKPATRICK J B.Does variation in garden characteristics influence the conservation of birds in suburbia?[J].Biological Conservation,2006,133(3):326-335.
[43] ANDERSSON E,BARTHEL S,AHRNÉ K.Measuring social-ecological dynamics behind the generation of ecosystem services[J].Ecological Applications,2007,17(5):1267-1278.
[44] BAKER P J,HARRIS S.Urban mammals:what does the future hold?An analysis of the factors affecting patterns of use of residential gardens in Great Britain[J].Mammal Review,2007,37(4):297-315.
[45] GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA A,BELLIURE J,GÓMES -SAL A,et al.The role of urban greenspaces in fauna conservation:the case of the iguana Ctenosaura similis in the ‘patios’ of León city,Nicaragua[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2009,18(7):1909-1920.
[46] BEUMER C,MARTENS P.Biodiversity in my (back) yard:towards a framework for citizen engagement in exploring biodiversity and ecosystem services in residential gardens[J].Sustainability Science,2015,10(1):87-100.
[47] DIDUCK A P,RAYMOND C M,RODELA R,et al.Pathways of learning about biodiversity and sustainability in private urban gardens[J].Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,2020,63(6):1056-1076.
[48] DAHMUS M E,NELSON K C.Nature discourses in the residential yard in Minnesota[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,125:183-187.
[49] MIMET A,KERBIRIOU C,SIMON L,et al.Contribution of private gardens to habitat availability,connectivity and conservation of the common pipistrelle in Paris[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2020,193:103671.
[50] RUDD H,VALA J,SCHAEFER V.Importance of backyard habitat in a comprehensive biodiversity conservation strategy:a connectivity analysis of urban green spaces[J].Restoration Ecology,2002,10(2):368-375.
[51] 江胜德.2020年度中国私家花园消费状况调查阶段结果展现[J].中国花卉园艺,2019(19):43.

PDF全文 浏览全文