林火行为和扑救技术研究进展

编号 lyqk008075

中文标题 林火行为和扑救技术研究进展

作者 宗学政  田晓瑞 

作者单位 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室, 北京 100091

期刊名称 世界林业研究 

年份 2019 

卷号 32

期号 6

栏目编号 1

栏目名称 专题论述 

中文摘要 森林火灾会破坏森林资源，积极开展林火扑救研究对于保护森林资源具有重要意义。林火行为研究一直是林火研究领域的重点。文中针对地下火、地表火和树冠火3种类型，从火行为和扑救技术2个方面进行综述；认为通过研究林火发生与蔓延机理，建立基于燃烧物理机制的火增长模型，是发展林火扑救技术的科学基础。林火行为未来研究的重点是，探究自然条件下的地下火蔓延机制，发展地下火探测技术；完善地表火和树冠火蔓延的物理模型，确定地表火向树冠火转换的临界条件；提升火行为预报能力和开发扑救装备，增强扑救能力。

关键词 林火行为  火蔓延  扑救技术  地下火  地表火  树冠火 

基金项目 国家重点研发计划项目人工林火灾监测预警、扑救关键技术与装备研发（2018YFD0600205）；国家自然科学基金基于燃烧概率模型的林火管理效益评估（31770695）。

英文标题 Research Progress in Forest Fire Behavior and Suppression Technology

作者英文名 Zong Xuezheng, Tian Xiaorui

单位英文名 Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry;State Forestry and Grassland Administration's Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection, Beijing 100091, China

英文摘要 Fire is a threat to forest resources, and the researches on forest fire behavior and suppression are of great significance for the forest resources protection. Fire behavior has always been the focus of fire research. This paper reviews the research on fire behavior of ground fire, surface fire and crown fire and their suppression technology. It is argued that the establishment of fire growth models based on physics mechanism of combustion through the research on forest occurrence and spread mechanism is the scientific basis for improving fire suppression technology. The future fire behavior research will be focused on the spread mechanism of ground fire under natural conditions and develop detection techniques, to improve the physical model of surface fire and crown fire spread, to determine the critical conditions for transformation from surface fire to crown fire, and to develop the fire behavior prediction capacity and fire-fighting equipment for achieving the better suppression capability.

英文关键词 fire behavior;fire spread;fire suppression technology;ground fire;surface fire;crown fire

起始页码 31

截止页码 36

投稿时间 2019/3/7

最后修改时间 2019/8/2

作者简介 宗学政,男,硕士,研究方向为森林防火,E-mail:1173276896@qq.com。

通讯作者介绍 田晓瑞,男,研究员,研究方向为森林防火,E-mail:tianxr@caf.ac.cn。

E-mail 田晓瑞,男,研究员,研究方向为森林防火,E-mail:tianxr@caf.ac.cn。

分类号 S762

DOI 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2019.0066.y

参考文献 [1] PARRY M, PARRY M L, CANZIANI O, et al. Climate change 2007-impacts, adaptation and vulnerability:working group II:contribution to the fourth assessment report of the IPCC[M]. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[2] CRUZ M G, SULLIVAN A L, GOULD J S, et al. Got to burn to learn:the effect of fuel load on grassland fire behavior and its management implications[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2018, 27(11):727-741.
[3] 邸雪颖,李永福,孙建,等.黑龙江省大兴安岭地区塔河县森林火险天气指标动态[J]. 应用生态学报,2011,22(5),1240-1246.
[4] 张媛,李胜男,张运生.森林雷击火特点和监测预警技术研究进展[J]. 森林防火, 2018(3):44-48.
[5] REIMER R, ERIKSEN C. The wildfire within:gender, leadership and wildland fire culture[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2018, 27(11):715-726.
[6] HADDEN R. Smoldering and self-sustaining reactions in solids:an experimental approach[D]. Edinburgh:The University of Edinburgh, 2011.
[7] HUANG X, RESTUCCIA F, GRAMOLA M, et al. Experimental study of the formation and collapse of an overhang in the lateral spread of smoldering peat fires[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2016, 168:393-402.
[8] 唐抒圆,李华,单延龙,等.森林地下火特征及防控措施[J]. 世界林业研究, 2019, 32(3):42-48.
[9] BELCHER C M. Fire phenomena and the earth system:an interdisciplinary guide to fire science[M]. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
[10] BENSCOTER B W, THOMPSON D K, WADDINGTON J M, et al. Interactive effects of vegetation, soil moisture and bulk density on depth of burning of thick organic soils[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2011, 20(3):418-429.
[11] REARDON J, CURCIO G, BARTLETTE R. Soil moisture dynamics and smoldering combustion limits of pocosin soils in North Carolina, USA[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2009, 18(3):326-335.
[12] PERES C A. Ground fires as agents of mortality in a central Amazonian forest[J]. Journal of Tropical Ecology,1999, 15(4):535-541.
[13] PAGE S E, SIEGERT F, RIELEY J O, et al. The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997[J]. Nature, 2002, 420(6911):61-65.
[14] TURETSKY M R, BENSCOTER B, PAGE S, et al. Global vulnerability of peatlands to fire and carbon loss[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2015, 8(1):11-15.
[15] HAYASAKA H, NOGUCHI I, PUTRA E I, et al. Peat-fire-related air pollution in central Kalimantan, Indonesia[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014, 195:257-266.
[16] FRANDSEN W H. Ignition probability of organic soils[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1997, 27(9):1471-1477.
[17] GRISHIN A M, GOLOVANOV A N, SUKOV Y V, et al. Experimental study of peat ignition and combustion[J]. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 2006, 79(3):563-568.
[18] GARLOUGH E C, KEYES C R. Influences of moisture content, mineral content and bulk density on smoldering combustion of ponderosa pine duff mounds[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2011, 20(4):589-596.
[19] USUP A, HASHIMOTO Y, TAKAHASHI H, et al. Combustion and thermal characteristics of peat fire in tropical peatland in central Kalimantan, Indonesia[J]. Tropics, 2004, 14(1):1-19.
[20] 赵伟涛,陈海翔,周建军,等.森林泥炭的热解特性及热解动力学[J]. 物理化学学报,2009,25(9):1756-1762.
[21] 者香,赵伟涛,陈海翔,等.泥炭粒径对阴燃蔓延速率影响的实验研究[J].火灾科学,2014,23(3):129-135.
[22] 者香,赵伟涛,陈海翔.含水率对泥炭阴燃速率的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2016,22(2):136-140.
[23] 谢小冬.坡地表火蔓延的实验和理论研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学,2014.
[24] 周宇飞,李小川,王振师.森林火灾扑救技术研究进展[J].广东林业科技, 2013, 29(5):53-58.
[25] 杨夏捷,马远帆,彭徐剑,等.南方林区2000-2016年林火释放污染物动态变化研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018, 38(12):4687-4696.
[26] SILVANI X, MORANDINI F, DUPUY J L. Effects of slope on fire spread observed through video images and multiple-point thermal measurements[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2012, 41:99-111.
[27] NOBLE I R, GILL A M, BARY G A V. McArthur's fire-danger meters expressed as equations[J]. Australian Journal of Ecology, 1980, 5(2):201-203.
[28] ROTHERMEL R C. A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels:research paper INT-115[R]. Ogden, UT:US DA.Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1972:3-6.
[29] 王正非. 通用森林火险级系统[J].自然灾害学报,1992,1(3):39-44.
[30] LINN R, REISNER J, COLMAN J. Studying wildfire behavior using FIRETEC[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2002, 11(4):233-246.
[31] MORVAN D, LARINI M. Modeling of one dimensional fire spread in pine needles with opposing air flow[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2001, 164(1):37-64.
[32] MELL W, JENKINS M A, Gould J. A physics-based approach to modelling grassland fires[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2007, 16(1):1-22.
[33] KEYSER T, SMITH F W. Influence of crown biomass estimators and distribution on canopy fuel characteristics in ponderosa pine stands of the Black Hills[J]. Forest Science, 2010, 56(2):156-165.
[34] WAGNER C V. Conditions for the start and spread of crown fire[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1977, 7(1):23-34.
[35] ROTHERMEL R C. Predicting behavior and size of crown fires in the Northern Rocky Mountains:research paper INT-438[R]. Odgen, UT:USDA Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experimental Station, 1991:6-15.
[36] STOCKS B J, ALEXANDER M E, WOTTON B M. Crown fire behaviour in a northern jack pine black spruce forest[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2004, 34(8):1548-1560.
[37] CALL P T, ALBINI F A. Aerial and surface fuel consumption in crown fires[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 1997, 7(3):259-264.
[38] ALEXANDER M E, CRUZ M G.Assessing the effect of foliar moisture on the spread rate of crown fires[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2013, 22(6):869-870.
[39] TACHAJAPONG W, LOZANO J, MAHALINGAM S, et al. Experi-mental and numerical modeling of shrub crown fire initiation[J].Combustion Science and Technology, 2009, 181(4):618-640.
[40] ANDREWS P L. Current status and future needs of the BehavePlus Fire Modeling System[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2014, 23(1):21-33.
[41] 吴清松,童盛,周建军,等.树冠火蔓延模型和数值分析[J]. 火灾科学,1996,5(2):29-34.
[42] 翁韬,魏涛,蔡昕,等.城市森林交界域树冠火多树辐射理论与模拟实验研究[J]. 自然科学进展,2007,17(8):1098-1104.
[43] 程万洲,张海珊,吴超鹏,等.树冠火对输油站热辐射影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(10):54-57.
[44] 贾敬蕊,朱霁平,张林鹤,等.龙柏树冠火对其相邻建筑的辐射特性研究[J].火灾科学,2012,21(3):123-130.
[45] DAVIES G M, GRAY A, REIN G, et al. Peat consumption and carbon loss due to smouldering wildfire in a temperate peatland[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2013, 308:169-177.
[46] SAHIN Y G. Animals as mobile biological sensors for forest fire detection[J]. Sensors, 2007, 7(12):3084-3099.
[47] REIN G, CLEAVER N, ASHTON C, et al. The severity of smoldering peat fires and damage to the forest soil[J]. Catena, 2008, 74(3):304-309.
[48] 王秋平. 关于扑火机具改良创新的探索[J]. 森林防火, 2016(3):47-50.
[49] WATTS A C, KOBZIAR L N. Smoldering combustion and ground fires:ecological effects and multi-scale significance[J]. Fire Ecology, 2013, 9(1):124-132.
[50] 仝英杰,任玉卯,舒立福.国外森林火灾扑救中手动扑火机具的种类及使用技术[J]. 森林防火, 2008(1):45-46.
[51] 韩星星, 王克印, 陈雪礼. 基于细水雾技术的森林火灾单兵灭火装备研究综述[J]. 林业实用技术, 2011(8):49-50.
[52] 张昊东. 西南地区森林火灾灭火作战研究[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2014.
[53] 吴德友. 北美林火管理[J]. 森林防火, 1997(3):48.
[54] WEI Y, BEVERS M, BELVAL E, et al. A chance-constrained programming model to allocate wildfire initial attack resources for a fire season[J]. Forest Science, 2014, 61(2):278-288.
[55] BELVAL E J, WEI Y, BEVERS M. A mixed integer program to model spatial wildfire behavior and suppression placement decisions[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2014, 45(4):384-393.
[56] FINNEY M A. FARSITE:Fire area simulator-model development and evaluation:RMRS-RP-4[R]. USDA Forest Service, 2004.
[57] TYMSTRA C, BRYCE R W, WOTTON B M, et al. Development and structure of Prometheus:the Canadian wildland fire growth simulation model:information report NOR-X-417[R]. Canadian Forest Service, 2010.

PDF全文 浏览全文